Jurnal Produk Olahan Kelapa Muda
Kelapa muda dalam bentuk buah utuh, atau sebagian sabutnya telah dikupas, pengolahan daging dan air buah kelapa menjadi berbagai produk, telah dilaporkan. Penulisan tentang buah kelapa muda ini, dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk memberikan informasi mengenai potensi gizi dan khasiat buah kelapa muda untuk kesehatan serta cara. Apr 7, 2019 - Alat terbuat dari bahan stainless steel, dilengkapi dengan tuas/pengungkit. Letak pisau pada alat pengupas atau pemotong sabut kelapa muda bagian. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Engineering Technology. Desain dan Kinerja Alat Pengolahan Bioetanol Model Baristand untuk.
ABSTRACTFootball is a stop-and-go sport which causes great amount of sweat excretion. Therefore, water and electrolytes replacement is necessary. Sports drinks based on natural compounds, such as coconut water ( Cocos nucifera L.), has been highly developed because of its high electrolytes and carbohydrate content. Palmyra saps, as well as coconut water, contains electrolytes and carbohydrate. The ability of palmyra saps water to rehydrate body fluid is still scientifically unproved.
This study was conducted using cross-over design. Eighteen male students took part in this study.
Each subject drank 250 ml of solution before the exercise and 300 ml of solution every 20 minutes during the 2 hours rehydration phase. Blood collections were done 3 times; before exercise, after exercise, and after 2 hours of rehydration. Urine collections were done 3 times; in the morning, after 1 hour of rehydration, and after 2 hours of rehydration. No significant difference (p≥0,05) in palmyra saps brand (ASK) and coconut water brand (AKK) group for blood osmolality and hematocrit.
Urinary Na + and K + value after 2 hours rehydration phase in ASK and AKK group have significant difference (p. Wilmore J.H., D, L. Costil., dan W, L. Physiology of Sport and Exercise. USA: Human Kinetics Champaign, 2008.Casa, Douglas J, Lawrence E. Armstrong, Susan K. Hillman, Scott J.
Montain, Ralph V. Reiff, Brent S.E.
Rich, William O. Roberts, Jennifer A. National Athletic Trainers’ Association Position Statement: Fluid Replacement for Athletes.
Journal of Athletic Training 2000, 35(2): 212-224Murray, R. Dan J, Stofan.
Formulating Carbohydrate Electrolyte Drinks for Optimal Efficacy. New York Washington DC: CRC Press, 2001.Saat, Mohamed, Rabindarjeet Singh, Roland Gamini Sirisinghe, dan Mohd Nawawi. Rehydration after Exercise with Fresh Young Coconut Water, Carbohydrate-Electrolyte Beverage and Plain Water.
Jurnal Physiological Anthropology 2002, 21(2): 93-104.Kalman, Douglas S., Samantha Feldman, Diane R Krieger, Richard J Bloomer. Comparison of coconut water and a carbohydrate-electrolyte sport drink on measures of hydration and physical performance on exercised-trained men. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 2012, 9(1)Alfiyana, Lana. Pengaruh Pemberian Air Kelapa terhadap Kebugaran Atlet Sepak Bola. Artikel Penelitian Semarang: Program Studi Ilmu Gizi UNDIP, 2012.Shukla P dan Misra P.S.
Jurnal Produk Olahan Kelapa Muda Di
An Introduction to Axonomy of Angiosperms. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing Houde PUT LTD, 2002.Matarese, Laura E. Matarese dan Michele M. Contemporary Nutrition Support Practice: A Clinical Guide. Michigan: Saunders, 2002.Armstrong, L.E.
Performing in Extreme Environments. Champaign IL: Human Kinetics, 2000.Imamura, T., Koichiro K., Shun M., Honori M., Naoko K., Toshiro I., Hisataka M., Taro S., Masaru H., Atsushi Y., Shunei K., dan Issei K. Urine Osmolality Estimated Using Urine Urea Nitrogen, Sodium and Creatinine Can Effectively Predict Response to Tolvaptan in Decompensated Heart Failure Patients. Circulation Journal 2013, May: 77.Hall, John E. Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1996.Adrogue, Horacio J. And Madias, Nicolaos E.
N Eng Journal Medicine 2000, 342: 1493-1499.Brouns, Fred. Essential of Sports Nutrition Second Edition. England: John Wiley and Sons, Ltd, 2002.Wadud, Mursyida A. Pengaruh Aktivitas Fisik Aerobik dan Anaerobik terhadap Kadar Anti Diuretik Hormon (ADH) dan Elektrolit Darah. Artikel Penelitian Palembang: Politeknik Kesehatan Palembang, 2013.Untu, Victor BFP., Purwanto, Diana S., dan Assa, Youla A. Kadar Natrium Serum pada Latihan Fisik Intensitas Sedang Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi.
Artikel Penelitian Manado: Bagian Biokimia Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi, 2014.Stipanuk, Martha H. Biochemical and Physiological Aspects of Human Nutrition. USA: Saunders, 2000.Koswara, Sutrisno. Minuman Isotonik. internet 2009. disitasi Mei 2014 tersedia di Ebookpangan.com.Baydil, Bilgehan. Serum Macro-Micro Element Responses to Acute Maximal Physical Exercise.
World Applied Sciences journal 2013, 23(7): 945-949.Hazar, Muhsin., Sever, Ozan., Gurkan, Alper C., Er, Fatma N., dan Erol, Mustafa. Physiologic Responses of macro Elements to Maximal Aerobic Exercise in Male and Female Footballers. Life Science journal 2013, 10(6s).Maughan, Ronald J. Dan Burke, Louise M. Handbook of Sports Medicine and Science Sports Nutrition. USA: Blackwell Science Ltd, 2002Williams, MH.
Nutrition for Health, Fitness, and Sport 7th edition. New York: Mc Graw Hill; 2005. P.334-336Bahri, Samsul., Sigit, J.I., Apriantono, Tommy., Syafriani, Rini., Dwita, Lusi P., dan Octaviar, Y.H. Penanganan Rehidrasi Setelah Olahraga dengan Air Kelapa (Cocos NuciferaL.), Air Kelapa ditambah Gula Putih, Minuman Suplemen, dan Air Putih. Jurnal Matematika dan Sains. 2012;17(1).Kraemer, William J.
Exercise Physiology: Integrating Theory and Application. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2012.Ismail, I., R. Singh, RG Sirisinghe. Rehydration with Sodium-Enriched Coconut Water After Exercise-Induced Dehydration. South Asian Journal Tropical Medicine Public Health July 2007, 38(4):769-785Evans, Gaethin H, Susan M. Shirreffs, Ronald J.
Postexercise Rehydration in Man: The Effect of Osmolality and Carbohydrate Content of Ingested Drinks. Nutriton 2009, 25:905-913.Maughan, Ronald J. Dan Murray, Robbert. Sports Drink: Basic Science and Practical Aspects.
New York: CRC Press, 2001.Gonzalez-Alonzo J, Heaps CL, coyle EF. Rehydration after Exercise with Common Beverages and Water. Int J Sports Med. 1992; 113(5): 399-406Osterberg, Kristin L., Shannon E.
Pallardy, Richard J. Johnson, dan Craig A. Carbohydrate Exerts a Mild Influence on Fluid Retention Following Exercise-Induced Dehydration. Journal of Applied Physiology 2009, 108:245-250.Kementrian Kesehatan RI. Pedoman Interpretasi Data Klinik.
Jakarta: Kementrian Kesehatan, 2011.Robertson GL. Thirst and vasopressin function in normal and disordered states of water balance. J Lab Clin Med 1983, 101:351-371.Asmadi.
Teknik Prosedural Keperawatan Konsep dan Aplikasi Kebutuhan Dasar Klien. Jakarta:Salemba Medika, 2008.Popowski LA, Oppliger R.A, Patrick L.G, Johnson R.F, Kim J.A, Gisolf C.V. Blood and urinary measures of hydration status during progressive acute dehydration. Med Sci Sports Exercise 2001, 33:747–753Flora, Rostika. Efektivitas Minuman Suplemen dalam Mengembalikan Keseimbangan Cairan Tubuh pada Dehidrasi Akibat Aerobic Intensitas Sedang.
Tesis Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada, 2005.Armstrong, L. H., Jr., Douglas J.
C., Stavros A. K., & Carl M. Urinary Indices During Dehydration, Exercise, and Rehydration.International Journal of Sport Nutrition 1998, 8:345-355.Oppliger, R. A., Scott, A. M., Leroy, A. P., & Carl, V. Accuracy of Urin Specific Gravity and Osmolality as Indicators of Hydration Status.
International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 2005, 15:236-251.Armstrong, L. Hydration Assessment Techniques.Nutrition Reviews 2005, 63(6).Afriani, Yuni. Pengujian Klinis Hasil Pengembangan Produk Minuman Isotonis Alami Berbasis Tepung Pisang Kepok Kuning (Musa Paradisiaca Formal Typical) terhadap Rehidrasi Cairan Tubuh: Pendekatan Nilai Elektrolit Urin. Skripsi Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada, 2011.Brouns, F., E.M.R.
Kovacs, J.M.C Senden. The Effect of Different Rehydration Drinks on Post-Exercise Electrolyte Excretion in Trained Athletes. Sports Med 1997, 19:56-60.Ray, Melinda L., Mark W. Bryan, Timothy M. Ruden, Shawn M. Baier, Rick L.
Sharp, Douglas S. Effect of sodium in a rehydration beverage when consume as a fluid or meal. Journal Applied Physiology 1998, 85:1329-36.Silverthorn, A.C., dkk. Human Physiology on Integrated Approach 2nd Edition.
New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2001.Koeppen, Bruce M. Renal Physiology.
Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier, 2007.Clayton, D. J., Gethin H. E., & Lewis J. Effect of Drink Carbohydrate Content on Postexercise Gastric Emptying, Rehydration, and the Calculation of Net Fluid Balance.
International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 2014, 24:79-89.Jeunkendrup, Asker E, Kevin Currell, Juliette Clarke, Johnny Cole, dan Andrew K. Effect of Beverage Glucose and Sodium Content on Fluid Delivery. Biomed Central Journal, 2009.Full Text:DOI.
Number of Followers: 0Open Access journalISSN (Print) 0852-0798 - ISSN (Online) 2407-5973Published by.Authors: w WidayatAbstract: Cover, list of contents, Preface and editorial boardPubDate: 2018-02-28Issue No: Vol. 4 (2018).Authors: W WidayatAbstract: List of Author, indexing and Author GuidelinesPubDate: 2018-02-28Issue No: Vol.
4 (2018).Authors: Dieni Mansur, Sabar Pangihutan SimanungkalitPages: 185 - 190Abstract: Pyrolysis is one of thermochemical conversion to convert biomass into bio-oil. The higher energy content in bio-oil suggests its potential as a raw material in the production of energy, bio-fuels, and other chemicals. Pyrolysis of PKS and the chemicals released were studied using pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) at 400-600°C. Prior to pyrolysis, thermogravimetry experiments were carried out to monitor the degradation temperature of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin in the PKS. Degradation of hemicellulose occurred within a temperature range of 150-330°C, whereas the cellulose was degraded in temperatures range between 330-400°C. Naruto ultimate ninja storm 4 download apk. Degradation of lignin took place within a broad range of temperatures, which reached maximum at temperatures range of 200-500°C.
Based on the Py-GC/MS results, pyrolysis of PKS at 400°C produced bio-oil that can be used as biofuel due to its high aromatic compounds but low carboxylic acids contents. Keywords: bio-oil; chemical; palm kernel shell; Py-GC/MS; thermogravimetry.PubDate: 2018-02-19DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.17.4.185-190Issue No: Vol. 4 (2018).Authors: Ratnawati Ratnawati, Nita IndriyaniPages: 191 - 196Abstract: The low molecular weight fraction of κ-carrageenan is useful in biomedical applications. An ultrasound-assisted acid hydrolysis of κ-carrageenan has been studied.
Κ-carrageenan with an initial number-average molecular weight of 629 kDa was dispersed in distilled water to form a 5 g/l solution. The pH (3 and 6) of the solution was adjusted by adding HCl solution. The depolymerization reaction was carried out in an ultrasonic device at various temperatures (30, 40, 50, and 60°C) and times (8, 16, 24, and 32 min). The experimental results showed that ultrasound positively contributed to acid hydrolysis process. The number-average molecular weight of the treated k-carrageenan was lower or the percentage of reduction was higher at lower pH, longer reaction time, and higher temperature. The lowest number-average molecular weight (14 kDa) or the highest percent of molecular weight reduction reduction (97.7%) was achieved after ultrasonic irradiation at 60°C and pH 3 for 32 min. Keywords: depolymerization; midpoint scission; ultrasonicationPubDate: 2018-02-02DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.17.4.191-196Issue No: Vol. 4 (2018).Authors: Diah Meilany, Efri Mardawati, Made Tri Ari Penia Kresnowati, Tjandra SetiadiPages: 197 - 202Abstract: As lignocellulosic biomass, Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) can be used as the source of xylose that can be further utilized as the raw material for xylitol production.
The processing of OPEFB to xylose comprises of pretreatment and hydrolysis that can be performed enzymatically. This process offers the advantages of moderate operation conditions and more environmentally friendly. This article describes the kinetic study of enzymatic hydrolysis process of OPEFB for producing xylose using self-prepared and commercial xylanase enzymes. Despite the possible mass transfer limitation, the Michaelis Menten kinetics was hypothesized.
The results indicated that the reaction at pH 5 and 60°C followed the Michaelis Menten kinetics, with Vm of 0.84 g/L-h and Km of 48.5 g/L for the commercial enzyme, and Vm of 0,38 g/L-h and Km of 0,37 g/L for the self-prepared enzyme. The reaction is affected by temperature, with Ea of 8.6 kcal/gmol. The performance of self-prepared xylanase enzyme was not yet as good as the commercial enzyme, Cellic Htec 2. Keywords: enzymatic hydrolysis; kinetics parameter; OPEFB; xylanase; xylosePubDate: 2018-02-02DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.17.4.197-202Issue No: Vol.
4 (2018).Authors: Gabriel Andari Kristanto, Ariessyawtra Raindra Lamurvie, William KovenPages: 203 - 209Abstract: The human population continues to grow annually, and so does the number of textile industries. In textile industry, synthetic dye is one of the most polluting substance in its wastewate which the conventional treatment processes are usually ineffective. Another option is using activated carbon to remove the dye, but carbon is an expensive material. It is is interesting that material that is rich in carbon, such as compost, may become an alternative solution. The objective of the present study was to assess the capability of compost in treating wastewater dye by determining the optimum compost dosage, particle size, and column height, while considering dye percentage removal and adsoprtion capacity. The optimum compost dosage was 8g/L and the optimum particle size was 1–2 mm in treating the 200 ppm Congo Red dye molecule, resulting in 20.49% removal and a 5.33 mg/g adsorption capacity.
The optimum compost column height was 60 cm with 90% removal, and the adsorption capacity was 0.38 mg/g. The dye molecule wore off tthe compost, therefore fresh compost must be introduced in order to maintain its percentage removal level. The compatibility of isotherm model developed in this study with the Freundlich model is similar with previous studies. Keywords: compost; congo red dye;adsorbent, batch, columnPubDate: 2018-02-02DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.17.4.203-209Issue No: Vol.
4 (2018).Authors: Ahmad Zikri, Erlinawati., Lety Trisnaliani, Daya WulandariPages: 210 - 214Abstract: AbstractThe reaction of aluminum (Al) with an alkaline solution in producing hydrogen gas has been known for a long time. This aluminum corrosion reaction has a major obstacle in the passivation phenomenon, a formation of aluminum oxide coating on the metal surface that prevents aluminum from collapsing. Integration of electric current to the potassium hydroxide solution could result in electrolysis of water which increases the production of hydrogen. This process was carried out continuously in an ACE (aluminum corrosion and electrolysis) reactor of water. This reactor design enabled to produce hydrogen and oxygen in separating chamber. The use of 10 g of cans, 0.02 M gallium, 12 VDC, and 0.8 M KOH obtained the maximum production rate of hydrogen 162.58 ml/s with a purity of 79.83%. Keywords: aluminum corrosion; hydrogen; water electrolysisPubDate: 2018-02-02DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.17.4.210-214Issue No: Vol.
4 (2018).Authors: Bambang Cahyono, Meiny Suzery, H Hadiyanto, Sestri Bela PratiwiPages: 215 - 220Abstract: Abstract This study aims to make microparticles of rutin compounds at various concentrations with NaTPP-chitosan as matrix. Encapsulation is done by coaservation method. The success of encapsulation was identified by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Based on UV-Vis spectrophotometry analysis, the efficiency of encapsulation (EE) and loading capacity (LC) was obtained at 62,43-94,36 and 1,73% -32,1%, at rutine concentration 0,625-11,25 mM. The success of rutin encapsulation is demonstrated by the rutin characteristics of the product seen with the presence of peaks of aromatic rings, indicating the presence of rutin compounds contained in the chitosan matrix.
SEM analysis shows rough and porous surface morphology in microcapsules. The rutin release profile of the microcapsules is described as two phase processes, burst release at the initial discharge in the first 30 min followed by slow release. At the highest LC (11.25 mM concentration), it provides greater discharge rates for both synthetic fluid simulations 77.53 ± 3.59% and 78.76 ± 4.00% after 3h of discharge. The controlled release data showed high discharge rates at acidic pH than alkaline pH. Keywords: Rutin, encapsulation, citosan, coaservationPubDate: 2018-02-19DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.17.4.215-220Issue No: Vol. 4 (2018).Authors: Cahya Setya Utama, Bambang Sulistiyanto, Sri KismiatiPages: 221 - 225Abstract: The objective of the study was to determine the effects of water addition and steaming duration on starch composition of wheat pollard including starch, amylose, amylopectin and starch resistant. Water was added towheat pollard (0, 30 and 60%) and autoclaved at 121°C (15 and 30 min) afterward.
The pollard then was oven-dry at 70°C. The study used a complete randomized design of 3x2 factorial with 3 replications. The addition of water and steaming duration showed a very significant (p.