Oxford History Of The United States
A British double-decker tourist bus and the contrast beside the Lafayette County Courthouse in Oxford, Mississippi, during the 2007 Double Decker FestivalOxford is a city in, and the of, United States. Founded in 1837, it was named after the British university city of in hopes of having the state university located there, which it did successfully attract.As of the 2010 US Census, the population is 18,916; the Census Bureau estimates the city's 2017 population at 23,639. Oxford is the home of the, founded in 1848, also commonly known as 'Ole Miss'. Contents.History Oxford and Lafayette County were formed from lands ceded by the Chickasaw in the in 1832. The county was organized in 1836, and in 1837 three pioneers—John Martin, John Chisom, and John Craig—purchased land from Hoka, a female Chickasaw landowner, as a site for the town. They named it Oxford, intending to promote it as a center of learning in the Old Southwest.
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In 1841, the Mississippi legislature selected Oxford as the site of the state university, which opened in 1848.During the, Oxford suffered invasion by federal troops under Generals and in 1862; in 1864 Major General burned the buildings in the town square, including the county courthouse. In the postwar, the town recovered slowly, aided by federal judge, who secured funds to build a new courthouse in 1872. During this period many African American moved from farms into town and established a neighborhood known as 'Freedmen Town', where they built houses, businesses, churches and schools, and exercised all the rights of citizenship. Even after Mississippi most African Americans in the, they continued to build their lives in the face of discrimination.During the, Oxford drew national attention in the. State officials, including Governor, prevented, an African American, from enrolling at the, even after the federal courts had ruled that he be admitted.
In late September 1962, President John F. Kennedy, following secret face-saving negotiations with Barnett, ordered United States Marshals to accompany Meredith, while Barnett agreed to use to keep the peace. Thousands of armed 'volunteers' flowed into the Oxford area.
Meredith traveled to Oxford under armed guard to register, but riots by segregationists broke out in protest of his admittance. That evening, cars were burned, federal marshals were pelted with rocks, bricks and small arms fire, and university property was damaged by three thousand rioters. Two men were killed by gunshot wounds. The riot spread into adjacent areas of the city of Oxford.
Order was finally restored to the campus with the early morning arrival of nationalized Mississippi National Guard and regular U.S. Army units, who camped in the City.More than 3000 journalists came to Oxford on September 26, 2008 to cover the, which was held at the. Geography Oxford is within 100 miles of.According to the, the city has a total area of 10.0 square miles (26 km 2), of which 10.0 square miles (26 km 2) is land and 0.10% is water.The city is located in the North Central Hills region of Mississippi. The region is known for its heavily forested hills made up of red clay. The area is higher and greater in relief than areas to the west (such as the or loess bluffs along the Delta), but lower in elevation than areas in Northeast Mississippi.
The changes in elevation can really be noticed when traveling on the Highway 6 bypass since the east-west highway tends to transect many of the north-south ridges. Downtown Oxford sits on one of these ridges and the University of Mississippi sits on another one, while the main commercial corridors on either side of the city sit in valleys.Oxford is located at the confluence of highways from eight directions: Mississippi Highway 6 (now co-signed with ) runs west to and east to; Highway 7 runs north to and south to. Highway 30 goes northeast to; highway 334 ('Old Highway 6') southeast to; Taylor Road southwest to, and highway 314 ('Old Sardis Road') northwest, formerly to but now to the Clear Creek Recreation Area on.The streets in the downtown area follow a grid pattern with two. Many of the north-south streets are numbered from west to east, beginning at the old railroad depot, with numbers from four to nineteen. The place of 'Twelfth Street,' however, is taken by North and South Lamar Boulevard (formerly North and South Streets). The east-west avenues are named for the U.S. Presidents in chronological order from north to south, from to; here again, there are gaps: John Quincy Adams would be indistinguishable from John Adams; 'Polk Avenue' is replaced by University Avenue, and 'Arthur Avenue' is lacking.Oxford has a ( Cfa) and is in 7b.Demographics Historical populationCensusPop.%±492—1,422—1,5347.9%1,5460.8%1,82518.0%2,01410.4%2,1506.8%2,89034.4%3,43318.8%3,95615.2%5,28333.5%8,51961.3%9,88216.0%9,9841.0%11,75617.7%18,91660.9%Est.
Decennial Census1920-1930As of the of 2010, there were 18,916 people, with 8,648 households residing in the city. The racial makeup of the city was 72.3%, 21.8%, 0.3%, 3.3%, 0.1%, and 1.1% from two or more races. Or people of any race were 2.5% of the population. The average household size was 2.09.The median income for a household in the city was $38,872, and the average household income was $64,643. The for the city was $29,195. About 12% of families and 32.3% of the population were below the.Education The City of Oxford is served by two public school districts, and, and three private schools, Oxford University School, Regents School of Oxford and Magnolia Montessori. Oxford is partially the home of the main campus of the, known as 'Ole Miss' (much of the campus is in, an unincorporated enclave surrounded by the City of Oxford), and of the Lafayette-Yalobusha Center of.
The North Mississippi Japanese Supplementary School, a, is operated in conjunction with the University of Mississippi, with classes held on campus. Health care The Baptist Memorial Hospital - North Mississippi, located in Oxford provides comprehensive health care services for Oxford and the surrounding area, supported by a growing number of physicians, clinics and support facilities.
The North Mississippi Regional Center, a state-licensed Intermediate Care Facility for Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities (ICF/IID), is located in Oxford.Oxford is home to the National Center for Natural Products Research at the University of Mississippi's School of Pharmacy. The Center is the only facility in the United States that is federally licensed to cultivate for scientific research, and to distribute it to patients.Transportation The City of Oxford operates public transportation under the name Oxford-University Transit (OUT), with bus routes throughout the city and University of Mississippi campus. Ole Miss students and faculty ride free upon showing University identification.provides freight rail service to the Lafayette County Industrial Park in Oxford.is a public use airport located two nautical miles (4 km) northwest of the central business district of Oxford. The airport is owned by the.Notable people.
William Faulkner's Universal Portable typewriter in his office at (see below), which is now maintained by the in Oxford as a museum. adopted Oxford as his hometown after growing up there when his family moved to Oxford from nearby when he was three. Oxford is the model for the city 'Jefferson' in his fiction, and, was the model for his fictional. His former home, now owned by the University of Mississippi and recently remodeled, is a favorite tourist attraction in Oxford. Several members of Faulkner's family still live in the Oxford and Lafayette County area.
also has a home in Oxford. He received a from the in 1981 and practiced law in the Mississippi suburbs of for ten years before retiring to write full-time. He and his family relocated to Oxford in the early 1990s. Grisham still maintains a home in Oxford but his primary residence is in., and are among the acclaimed living writers who resided in Oxford. Acclaimed dead authors, and also called it home.
Famous artists include painter, figurative painter and primitive artist (1895–1977). New Orleans artist (1911–1968) studied art at Ole Miss.
(1810–1885) owned a manor called 'Home Place' in Oxford that was burned down in 1864 during the by troops. A historical marker stands on the spot where it once stood. (1825–1893), U.S. Senator and supreme court justice, resided in Oxford, where he served as professor of mathematics at the, farmed, and practiced law. He was the son-in-law of university chancellor. Lamar's home in Oxford was restored as a museum in 2008.
(1948-2009), fashion model, was born in Oxford. quarterback, who played college football at, lives in Oxford during the offseason. His father, former Ole Miss and quarterback, owns a condominium in Oxford.Attractions.
Rowan Oak. The courthouse square, called 'The Square', is the geographic and cultural center of the city. It features a confederate statue next to its courthouse, which was designed by the same architect that designed the statue in Holly Springs, Mississippi. It was erected in 1907. The last person to be lynched in Oxford, around 1936, was dragged behind a car from 'three-way', currently a four-way intersection on North Lamar, a prominent road which now is connected to Molly Bar, another prominent road in Oxford. The body of the lynched black man was then placed in the front window of a lawyer's office on the Square for several days to intimidate black Oxonians.In addition to the historic Lafayette County Courthouse, the Square is known for an abundance of locally owned restaurants, specialty boutiques, and professional offices, along with Oxford City Hall.
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The J. Neilson Co., located on the southeast corner of the Square, is the South's oldest documented store. Founded as a trading post in 1839, Neilson's continues to anchor the Oxford square. Neilsons (pronounced Nelsons) was one of the few stores to survive the righteous burning of Oxford during the Civil war. It stands within eyesight of one of Oxford's two confederate statues (one was erected after the original faced south because the South 'never retreats;' a Falkner (William added a 'U') paid for the second). Neilson's also features a letter from William Faulkner, who repeatedly refused to pay debts owed to the department store.
When the hit Oxford and most of the banks in town closed, Neilson's acted as a surrogate bank, cashing paychecks for university employees and others. Neilson's is also the only store in Oxford to carry supplies for Boy Scout uniforms., founded in 1979, is an. A sister store, Off Square Books, is several doors down the street to the east. It deals in used and remainder books and is the venue for a radio show called Thacker Mountain Radio, with host Jim Dees, that is broadcast statewide on Mississippi Public Broadcasting. The show often draws comparisons to 's for its mix of author readings and musical guests.
A third store, Square Books Jr., deals exclusively in children's books and educational toys., just off the courthouse square, is Oxford's largest music venue, with a capacity near 1200. Originally built in the late 1800s, the structure became a livery stable owned by William Faulkner's family in the early part of the 20th century. During the 1920s it became Oxford's first motion picture theater, the Lyric. In 1949, Faulkner walked from in Oxford to his childhood stable for the world premiere of MGM's Intruder in the Dust, adapted from one of his novels. The building housed office space and a health center from the early 1980s. After extensive restoration, the Lyric reopened on 3 July 2008 as a live music venue.
It also is used occasionally for film and live drama. The Gertrude Castellow Ford Center for the Performing Arts on the 's campus hosts a broad range of events, such as symphony performances, operas, musicals, plays, comedy tours, chamber music, and guest lectures. The Ford Center, as it is commonly known, also hosted the 2008 Presidential Debate between former President Barack Obama and Senator John McCain. The is located on the University of Mississippi's main campus. The Robinson collection of Greek and Roman antiquities and the Millington-Barnard collection of 19th century scientific instruments are permanent collections of the museum. The museum is also home to the personal collections of Kate Skipwith and Mary Buie.
The permanent exhibits are free to the public. The Burns-Belfry Museum was previously the Burns Methodist Episcopal Church organized by freed African Americans in 1910.
Now, the museum pays tribute to its role in the Civil War era. The museum houses a permanent exhibit on African American history that spans from slavery through the Civil Rights Movement.Cultural.
Oxford has had a diverse music scene for many years. Oxford's relatively close proximity to large music cities such as, and, influence its musical stylings.
Musicians past and present living in Oxford include, and blues harp player. Oxford is also the home of the renegade label, who released records by blues legends and, as well as., former for and current member of bought a home in Oxford but no longer lives in it. Former member lived in Oxford where he had a ranch and his own studio. Musicians, and have recorded albums at in Oxford. Dennis Herring, the owner of Sweet Tea, has received Grammy awards for his work with artists such as and blues great. wrote a song called ', which was included on his album.
The song was about the violent events surrounding the admission of into the in 1962. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved Jan 6, 2019. ^. Retrieved March 24, 2018. United States Census Bureau.
Retrieved August 15, 2014. Jack Lamar Mayfield.
Oxford and Ole Miss. Arcadia Publishing, 2009, p. Archived from on 2008-08-05. Retrieved 2008-06-01.
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Oxford History Of The United States American Origins
Retrieved on July 26, 2017. Burns-belfry.com. Retrieved on July 26, 2017. Didion, Joan. The white album (Paperback reissueition ed.). Thomas S. Hines, William Faulkner and the Tangible Past:The Architecture of Yoknapatawpha (University of California Press, 1997).
(PDF). Archived from (PDF) on 2011-10-05. Retrieved 2013-08-17. CS1 maint: Archived copy as title.
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Oxford History Of The United States Series
Oxford Eagle. Archived from on March 29, 2015.
Retrieved December 12, 2014.External links.